受光電技術(shù)限制，DUAL-PAM-100的測量頭DUAL-DB（或DUAL-DR）和DUAL-E都是外置的，儀器不方便在野外使用。
2009年，Schreiber教授及其團隊經(jīng)過兩年的不斷研發(fā)、改進，終于做到在不損失信號的基礎(chǔ)上將所有的激發(fā)光源和檢測器內(nèi)置到主機中，推出了光纖版雙通道PAM-100熒光儀——DUAL-PAM/F。
DUAL-PAM/F采用光纖做為激發(fā)光、葉綠素?zé)晒夂蚉700信號的傳導(dǎo)體，方便在野外現(xiàn)場測量P700和葉綠素?zé)晒?/STRONG>，朝著P700的現(xiàn)場測量邁出了一大步！
主要功能
?* 野外或室內(nèi)單獨或同步測量葉綠素?zé)晒夂蚉700
?* 兩個光系統(tǒng)的誘導(dǎo)動力學(xué)曲線（包括快相和慢相）
?* 兩個光系統(tǒng)的快速光曲線和光響應(yīng)曲線
?* 淬滅分析、暗馳豫分析
?* 典型的P700曲線測量
?* 通過葉綠素?zé)晒夂蚉700的同步測量獲知兩個光系統(tǒng)的電子傳遞動力學(xué)、電子載體庫的大小、圍繞PSI 的環(huán)式電子傳遞動力學(xué)等
應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域
相當(dāng)于兩臺PAM-101/ 102/ 103的功能，可同時測量光系統(tǒng)II活性（調(diào)制葉綠素?zé)晒猓┖凸庀到y(tǒng)I活性（P700吸收變化）可用于光合作用機理研究、植物生理學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)、林學(xué)、園藝學(xué)等領(lǐng)域，特別適合于野外現(xiàn)場測量。
測量參數(shù)
PS II參數(shù)：Fo, Fm, F, Fm’, Fv/Fm, Y(II)=△F/Fm’, Fo’, qP, qL, qN, NPQ, Y(NPQ), Y(NO)和ETR(II)等
PS I參數(shù)：P700, Pm, Pm’, P700red, Y(I), Y(ND), Y(NA)和ETR(I)等
DUAL-PAM/F與DUAL-PAM-100的區(qū)別
DUAL-PAM/F具備所有DUAL-PAM-100的葉綠素?zé)晒夂蚉700測量功能，包括誘導(dǎo)曲線、光響應(yīng)曲線、淬滅分析、暗馳豫分析、快速誘導(dǎo)動力學(xué)、編程測量等等，其主要區(qū)別如下：
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DUAL-PAM/F |
DUAL-PAM-100 |
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同步測量葉綠素?zé)晒猓≒S II）和P700(PS I)的誘導(dǎo)曲線 |
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同步測量葉綠素?zé)晒猓≒S II）和P700(PS I)的光響應(yīng)曲線 |
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P700的測量 |
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以線性時間記錄的熒光快速上升動力學(xué) |
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以對數(shù)時間記錄的熒光快速上升動力學(xué)（相當(dāng)于O-J-I-P相） |
主要技術(shù)參數(shù)
?* P700雙波長測量光：LED，830 nm和870 nm
?* PSII熒光測量光：LED，460 nm（DUAL-DB）或620 nm（DUAL-DR）
?* 紅色光化光：LED陣列，635 nm；最大連續(xù)光強2000 μmol m-2 s-1
?* 藍(lán)色光化光：LED，460 nm；最大連續(xù)光強700 μmol m-2 s-1
?* 單周轉(zhuǎn)飽和閃光（ST）：200000 μmol m-2 s-1，5～50 μs可調(diào)
?* 多周轉(zhuǎn)飽和閃光（MT）：20000 μmol m-2 s-1，1～1000 ms可調(diào)
部分利用DUAL-PAM發(fā)表的P700文獻(xiàn)
1. Chen J, Xia X, Yin W. Expression profiling and functional characterization of a DREB2-type gene from Populus euphratica Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2009, 378:483-487.
2. Aronsson H, Sch?ttler MA, Kelly AA, Sundqvist C, D?rmann P, Karim S, Jarvis P. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol deficiency in Arabidopsis affects pigment composition in the prolamellar body and impairs thylakoid membrane energization and photoprotection in leaves. Plant Physiology 2008, 148:580-592.
3. Bailey S, Melis A, Mackey KRM, Cardol P, Finazzi G, Dijken Gv, Berge GM, Arrigo K, Shrager J, Grossman A. Alternative photosynthetic electron flow to oxygen in marine Synechococcus Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2008, 1777:269-276.
4. Ehlert B, Sch?ttler MA, Tischendorf G, Ludwig-Müller J, Bock R. The paramutated SULFUREA locus of tomato is involved in auxin biosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Biology 2008:in press.
5. Ma W, Chen L, Wei L, Wang Q. Excitation energy transfer between photosystems in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 Journal of Luminescence 2008, 128:546-548.
6. Pfundel E, Klughammer C, Schreiber U. Monitoring the effects of reduced PS II antenna size on quantum yields of photosystems I and II using the Dual-PAM-100 measuring system. PAM Application Notes 2008, 1:21-24.
7. Rogalski M, Sch?ttler MA, Thiele W, Schulze WX, Bock R. Rpl33, a nonessential plastid-encoded ribosomal protein in tobacco, is required under cold stress conditions. The Plant Cell 2008, 20:2221-2237.
8. Schreiber U, Klughammer C. New accessory for the Dual-PAM-100: the P525/535 module and examples of its application. PAM Application Notes 2008, 1:1-10.
9. Schreiber U, Klughammer C. Saturation Pulse method for assessment of energy conversion in PS I. PAM Application Notes 2008, 1:11-14.
10. Schreiber U, Klughammer C. Non-photochemical fluorescence quenching and quantum yields in PS I and PS II: Analysis of heat-induced limitations using Maxi-Imaging-PAM and Dual-PAM-100. PAM Application Notes 2008, 1:15-18.
11. Xu M, Bernát G, Singh A, Mi H, R?gner M, Pakrasi HB, Ogawa T. Properties of mutants of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 lacking inorganic carbon sequestration systems. Plant Cell and Physiology 2008, 49:1672-1677.
12. Sch?ttler M, Flügel C, Thiele W, Stegemann S, Bock R. The plastome-encoded PsaJ subunit is required for efficient Photosystem I excitation, but not for plastocyanin oxidation in tobacco. Biochemical Journal 2007, 403:251-260.
13. Sch?ttler MA, Flügel C, Thiele W, Bock R. Knock-out of the plastid-encoded PetL subunit results in reduced stability and accelerated leaf age-dependent loss of the cytochrome b6f complex. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007, 282:976-985.
14. Volkmer T, Schneider D, Bernát G, Kirchhoff H, Wenk S-O, R?gner M. Ssr2998 of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is involved in regulation of cyanobacterial electron transport and associated with the cytochrome b6f complex. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007, 282:3730-3737.
15. Lohmann A, Schottler MA, Brehelin C, Kessler F, Bock R, Cahoon EB, Dormann P. Deficiency in phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) methylation affects prenyl quinone distribution, photosystem I abundance, and anthocyanin accumulation in the Arabidopsis AtmenG mutant. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006, 281:40461-40472.